Guinness

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Guinness.

Guinness is easily described with this small poem.
Ruby and Cream. Black and White. Two distinct parts, one perfect pint.

1 Description
2 History
3 Beer Styles
4 External Links

[edit] Description

Guinness is a dry stout that originated in Arthur Guinness's St. James's Gate Brewery in Dublin, Ireland. The beer is based upon the porter style that originated in London in the early 1700s. It is one of the most successful beer brands in the world, being exported world wide. It has spawned many imitators. The distinctive feature in the flavour is the roasted barley which remains unfermented. For many years a portion of the beer was aged to give a sharp lactic flavour, but Guinness have refused to confirm if this still occurs. The thick creamy head is the result of a nitrogen mix being added during the serving process.

[edit] History

1722 -- Richard Guinness becomes Land Steward to Rev Arthur Price, Archbishop of Cashel.

1725 -- Arthur Guinness is born in Celbridge, County Kildare, Ireland.

1725 -- Rev. Arthur Price, Archbishop of Cashel, becomes Godfather to Arthur Guinness.

1742 -- Death of Arthur’s mother, Elizabeth Guinness, age 44.

1744 -- First record of Arthur’s service to Archbishop Price.

1752 -- Arthur Guinness is left £100 in the will of Archbishop Price. Three years later he sets up business as a brewer in Leixlip, County Kildare.

1757 -- Construction begins on the Grand Canal at James’s Street, Dublin, allowing access by water to Shannon Harbour and Limerick. The canal is used to transport casks and raw materials directly to and from the Brewery site.

1759 -- Arthur Guinness signs a 9,000 year lease on a disused brewery at St. James’s Gate, Dublin for an initial £100 and an annual rent of £45.

1759 -- The brewery bought by Arthur Guinness covers four acres and consists of a copper, a kieve, a mill, two malthouses, stabling for 12 horses and a loft to hold 200 tons of hay.

1769 -- The first export shipment of six-and-a-half barrels of Guinness beer leaves Dublin on a sailing vessel bound for England.

1775 -- On 16th May, a Dublin Corporation committee & sheriff were sent to cut off and fill in the water course from which the Brewery drew its free water supplies. Arthur defended his water by threatening the party with a pickaxe.

1784 -- The water dispute between Arthur Guinness and Dublin Corporation is settled.

1790s -- The first major brewery expansion takes place. The present day Vathouses 1 and 2 are built during this expansion - they first appear on a map in 1820.

1794 -- An engraving of a man sitting beside a cask of Guinness porter, drinking from a tankard appears in ’The Gentleman’s Magazine’.

1799 -- The last Dublin Ale is brewed at the brewery of Arthur Guinness - and the decision is made to concentrate solely on the production of porter.

1801 -- West Indies Porter - a precursor to modern day Guinness Foreign Extra Stout - is first brewed.

1803 -- Arthur Guinness dies and his son, Arthur Guinness II, takes over ownership and management of the Brewery.

1811 -- The first shipment is made of Guinness stout to Lisbon.

1820s -- Shipments of Guinness are made to Guernsey, Barbados, Trinidad and Sierra Leone.

1821 -- Arthur Guinness II sets down precise instructions for brewing Extra Superior Porter - the precursor of today’s Guinness Original and Guinness Extra Stout.

1824 -- Guinness becomes increasingly known worldwide. An advertisement appears in a Dublin newspaper for "Guinness’s East & West India Porter".

1830s -- Output at the St. James’s Gate brewery exceeds that of Beamish in Cork.

1834 -- The Glass Tax is repealed and Guinness is bottled in glass rather than stoneware.

1840s -- A shipment of Guinness is sent to Pinkerton and Hart in New York.

1850 -- Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness, son of Arthur Guinness II, takes over the Brewery on the death of his father. Sir Benjamin Lee becomes Member of Parliament for Dublin City and also serves as Lord Mayor of Dublin.

1858 -- First recorded exports to New Zealand.

1862 -- The Guinness beer label is introduced - a buff oval label with the harp and Arthur Guinness’s signature. The Harp is registered as a trademark in 1876.

1868 -- Sir Benjamin Lee Guinness dies and his son Edward Cecil takes over the Brewery. Under Edward Cecil, the size of the Brewery doubles.

1870 -- 10% of Guinness beer sales are now overseas.

1877 -- A fleet of barges is commissioned. Barges built between 1877 and 1913 are named after Irish rivers and those built between 1928 and 1931 are named after villages around Dublin.

1886 -- The Guinness brewery becomes the first major brewery to be incorporated as a public company on the London Stock Exchange. It is the largest brewery in the world with an annual production of 1.2 million barrels.

1889 -- The first Guinness ’World Traveller’ is appointed to report on overseas markets in North and South America, Africa, Asia and Australia.

1890s -- Edward Cecil is appointed the first Lord of Iveagh and establishes the Guinness and Iveagh Trusts to provide homes for the poor in Dublin and London.

1893 -- T.B. Case becomes the first university science graduate to be appointed at the Guinness brewery. It heralds the beginning of ’scientific brewing’ at St. James’s Gate.

1901 -- The first Guinness research laboratory is established under the chemist Alexander Forbes-Watson, later followed by an Experimental Brewhouse and Experimental Maltings.

1906 -- There are 3,240 employees at the brewery. About 10,000 people are dependent on the Guinness brewery for their livelihood: one in 30 of the population of Dublin.

1913 -- First steamship, the W.M. Barkley is purchased. In 1917 she is torpedoed seven miles east of the Kish lightship and sinks.

1914 -- Brewery output is almost three million barrels.

1919 -- 4,090 staff are now employed.

1931 -- S.S. Guinness steamship is launched. It was the first to be custom-built to transport Guinness beer.

1936 -- The first Guinness brewery overseas is built at Park Royal, London. William Sealy Gossett, the father of modern statistics, is appointed Head Brewer.

1940s -- The brewery is gradually converted to Sterile Plant, moving production from wooden to metal vessels.

1946 -- Construction begins on the Guinness Power Station.

1958 -- Trials begin of new Guinness Draught.

1959 -- Bicentenary of the founding of the Guinness brewery at St. James’s Gate in Dublin.

1963 -- The first GUINNESS® brewery outside Britain and Ireland is officially opened in Nigeria.

1963 -- The last wooden keg is racked at the Brewery at St. James’s Gate. From this date, Guinness is stored and shipped in metal kegs.

1976 -- Over 7 million glasses of Guinness are drunk daily.

1977 -- The M.V. Miranda Guinness is built. She is the world’s first specially commissioned bulk liquid carrier.

1984 -- The Guinness Hopstore is restored and opened. In 1988 it becomes the GUINNESS® visitor centre - a precursor to the Guinness Storehouse of today.

1985 -- The "Pure Genius" advertising campaign makes its debut.

1988 -- The first "widget" beer, Guinness Draught in cans, is launched. Three years later it wins the Queen’s Award for Technological Achievement.

1999 -- Guinness Draught in a bottles is launched.

2000 -- A Fermentation plant at the St James's Gate brewery has been transformed into a place where you can experience the home, heart and soul of Guinness. Guinness Storehouse, Ireland's No 1 Visitor Attraction, opened it's doors in November 2000.

2001 -- Almost 2 billion pints of Guinness a year were sold around the world and over 1 million pints of Guinness a day were sold in Great Britain alone.

2002 -- The ’BELIEVE’ advertising campaign is launched.

2003 -- Guinness unveils its first feature-length action adventure movie "Critical Assignment" in mainstream cinemas across Africa.

2004 -- The Guinness Storehouse in Dublin welcomes its 2 millionth visitor since opening in 2000.